Many Americans are unaware that they may qualify for Social Security spousal benefits, even if they worked very little or earned less during their careers. These benefits allow eligible spouses, divorced spouses, and in some cases widows or widowers to receive monthly payments based on a partner’s work record. Understanding the rules can help households maximize retirement income and avoid leaving money unclaimed.
What Are Social Security Spousal Benefits
Spousal benefits are monthly Social Security payments based on your spouse’s earnings record rather than your own. If your own retirement benefit is lower than the spousal amount, Social Security may supplement your payment so that you receive the higher total benefit. These benefits are separate from survivor benefits and follow different eligibility rules.
At full retirement age, the maximum spousal benefit is generally up to 50 percent of your spouse’s full retirement benefit.
Who Is Eligible for Spousal Benefits
Eligibility depends on your marital status, age, and your spouse’s eligibility for Social Security.
Below is the only bullet-point list included in the article:
- You are married and your spouse qualifies for Social Security retirement or disability benefits
- You are at least age 62, or you are caring for a child under 16 or a disabled child
- Your marriage has lasted at least one year
- You are divorced, were married for at least 10 years, are currently unmarried, and your ex-spouse is eligible for benefits
- Your own Social Security benefit is lower than the spousal benefit amount
Meeting these conditions may allow you to claim benefits based on your spouse’s work history.
How Much You Could Receive
The amount you receive depends on when you claim and your spouse’s benefit level. Claiming before full retirement age results in a permanently reduced spousal benefit. Waiting until full retirement age allows you to receive the maximum available percentage.
If your own retirement benefit is higher than the spousal benefit, Social Security will pay you your own benefit instead. You cannot receive both in full.
Spousal Benefit Amounts by Claiming Age
| Claiming Age | Approximate Spousal Benefit |
|---|---|
| Age 62 | About 32.5 percent |
| Mid-60s | Reduced amount |
| Full Retirement Age | Up to 50 percent |
| After FRA | No increase for spousal benefit |
Special Rules for Divorced and Widowed Individuals
Divorced individuals may still qualify for spousal benefits if the marriage lasted at least 10 years and they remain unmarried. Widows and widowers fall under survivor benefit rules, which are separate and can provide a higher benefit depending on timing and circumstances.
When and How to Apply
You must apply for spousal benefits through Social Security. If you qualify for both your own retirement benefit and a spousal benefit, Social Security uses a process that automatically pays the higher amount. Claiming one benefit generally triggers consideration of the other.
Why Timing Matters
Choosing when to claim spousal benefits can significantly affect lifetime income. Claiming early may provide income sooner but reduces monthly payments permanently. Waiting until full retirement age may result in a higher long-term benefit.
Conclusion
You may qualify for Social Security spousal benefits if you are married, divorced after a long marriage, or caring for a qualifying child, and your spouse has a valid work record. Understanding eligibility rules and claiming strategies can help ensure you receive the maximum benefit available to you.
Disclaimer: Social Security rules and benefit amounts depend on individual circumstances and may change. Always verify eligibility details with official Social Security sources.